Tutorials¶

Preamble¶

I guess you decided to try Py++ API. Good! Lets start. First of all, please take a look on two files:

hello_world.hpp - C++ source code, that we want to export to Python
generate_code.py - Python code, that uses Py++ to export declarations from the source file

module_builder_t¶

Py++ is built from a few packages, but there is only one package, you should really to be familiar with - module_builder. This package is some kind of facade to low level API. It provides simple and intuitive API. The main class within this package is module_builder_t. The instance of this class will guide you through the whole process.

module_builder_t.init¶

First of all, what is needed in order to create an instance of the class?

module_builder_t.__init__ methods take few arguments:

files - list of all C++ source files, that declarations from them, you want to expose. This is the only required parameter.
gccxml_path - path to GCC-XML binary. If you don’t supply this argument pygccxml will look for it using PATH environment variable.

There are some other arguments:

additional include directories
[un]defined symbols ( macros )
intermediate results cache strategy configuration
…

Parsing of source files is done within this method. Post condition of this method is that all declarations has been successfully extracted from the sources files and you can start work on them.

Declarations customization¶

There are always declarations, which should not be exported or could not be exported without human invocation. As you already saw from example, Py++ provides simple and powerful declarations query interface. By default, only the declarations that belongs to the files, you have asked to parse, and to the files, that lies in the same directories as parsed files, will be exported:

project_root/
    details/
        impl_a.h
        impl_b.h
  include/
      a.h   //includes impl_a.h
      b.h   //includes impl_b.h
      all.h //includes a.h and b.h
mb = module_builder( [ 'all.h' ] )

All declarations that belongs to include directory will be signed as included to exporting. All other declarations will be ignored.

You can change the set of exported declarations by calling exclude or include methods, on declarations.

Basically, this is a second step of code generation process. During this step you could/should/may change Py++ defaults:

to rename exposed declarations
to include/exclude declarations
to set call policies
…

I think it is critical for beginners to see what is going on, right? module_builder_t class has print_declarations method. You can print whole declarations tree or some specific declaration. You will find a lot of useful information there:

whether the declaration is include\excluded
call policies
warnings, Py++ warns you about the declarations that have some “problems”
…

Very convenient, very useful.

module_builder_t.build_code_creator¶

Now it is a time to create module code creator. Do you remember, in introduction to Py++, I told you that before writing code to disc, Py++ will create some kind of AST. Well calling module_builder_t.build_code_creator function does this. Right now, the only important argument to the function is module_name. Self explained, is it?

What is the main value of code creators? Code creators allow you to modify code before it has been written to disk. For example one common requirement for open source projects it to have license text within every source file. You can do it with one line of code only:

mb.code_creator.license = <<<your license text>>>

After you call this function, I recommend you not to change declarations configuration. In most cases the change will take effect, in some cases it will not!

This tutorial is not cover code creators and how you should work with them. I will write another tutorial.

module_builder_t.write_module¶

You have almost created your module. The last things left is to write module code to file(s). You can do it with

module_builder_t.write_module - you should provide file name, the code will be written in.
module_builder_t.split_module - you should provide directory name. For big projects it is a must to minimize compilation time. So Py++ splits your module source code to different files within the directory.

Files¶

That’s all. I hope you enjoyed.